Continuous Scale With Three Breaks Ggplot
scale_x_continuous() and scale_y_continuous() are the default scales for continuous x and y aesthetics. There are three variants that set the trans argument for commonly used transformations: scale_*_log10(), scale_*_sqrt() and scale_*_reverse().
Usage
scale_x_continuous ( name = waiver ( ), breaks = waiver ( ), minor_breaks = waiver ( ), n.breaks = NULL, labels = waiver ( ), limits = NULL, expand = waiver ( ), oob = censor, na.value = NA_real_, trans = "identity", guide = waiver ( ), position = "bottom", sec.axis = waiver ( ) ) scale_y_continuous ( name = waiver ( ), breaks = waiver ( ), minor_breaks = waiver ( ), n.breaks = NULL, labels = waiver ( ), limits = NULL, expand = waiver ( ), oob = censor, na.value = NA_real_, trans = "identity", guide = waiver ( ), position = "left", sec.axis = waiver ( ) ) scale_x_log10 ( ... ) scale_y_log10 ( ... ) scale_x_reverse ( ... ) scale_y_reverse ( ... ) scale_x_sqrt ( ... ) scale_y_sqrt ( ... ) Arguments
- name
-
The name of the scale. Used as the axis or legend title. If
waiver(), the default, the name of the scale is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic. IfNULL, the legend title will be omitted. - breaks
-
One of:
-
NULLfor no breaks -
waiver()for the default breaks computed by the transformation object -
A numeric vector of positions
-
A function that takes the limits as input and returns breaks as output (e.g., a function returned by
scales::extended_breaks()). Also accepts rlang lambda function notation.
-
- minor_breaks
-
One of:
-
NULLfor no minor breaks -
waiver()for the default breaks (one minor break between each major break) -
A numeric vector of positions
-
A function that given the limits returns a vector of minor breaks. Also accepts rlang lambda function notation.
-
- n.breaks
-
An integer guiding the number of major breaks. The algorithm may choose a slightly different number to ensure nice break labels. Will only have an effect if
breaks = waiver(). UseNULLto use the default number of breaks given by the transformation. - labels
-
One of:
-
NULLfor no labels -
waiver()for the default labels computed by the transformation object -
A character vector giving labels (must be same length as
breaks) -
A function that takes the breaks as input and returns labels as output. Also accepts rlang lambda function notation.
-
- limits
-
One of:
-
NULLto use the default scale range -
A numeric vector of length two providing limits of the scale. Use
NAto refer to the existing minimum or maximum -
A function that accepts the existing (automatic) limits and returns new limits. Also accepts rlang lambda function notation. Note that setting limits on positional scales will remove data outside of the limits. If the purpose is to zoom, use the limit argument in the coordinate system (see
coord_cartesian()).
-
- expand
-
For position scales, a vector of range expansion constants used to add some padding around the data to ensure that they are placed some distance away from the axes. Use the convenience function
expansion()to generate the values for theexpandargument. The defaults are to expand the scale by 5% on each side for continuous variables, and by 0.6 units on each side for discrete variables. - oob
-
One of:
-
Function that handles limits outside of the scale limits (out of bounds). Also accepts rlang lambda function notation.
-
The default (
scales::censor()) replaces out of bounds values withNA. -
scales::squish()for squishing out of bounds values into range. -
scales::squish_infinite()for squishing infinite values into range.
-
- na.value
-
Missing values will be replaced with this value.
- trans
-
For continuous scales, the name of a transformation object or the object itself. Built-in transformations include "asn", "atanh", "boxcox", "date", "exp", "hms", "identity", "log", "log10", "log1p", "log2", "logit", "modulus", "probability", "probit", "pseudo_log", "reciprocal", "reverse", "sqrt" and "time".
A transformation object bundles together a transform, its inverse, and methods for generating breaks and labels. Transformation objects are defined in the scales package, and are called
<name>_trans(e.g.,scales::boxcox_trans()). You can create your own transformation withscales::trans_new(). - guide
-
A function used to create a guide or its name. See
guides()for more information. - position
-
For position scales, The position of the axis.
leftorrightfor y axes,toporbottomfor x axes. - sec.axis
-
sec_axis()is used to specify a secondary axis. - ...
-
Other arguments passed on to
scale_(x|y)_continuous()
Details
For simple manipulation of labels and limits, you may wish to use labs() and lims() instead.
See also
Examples
p1 <- ggplot ( mpg, aes ( displ, hwy ) ) + geom_point ( ) p1 
# Manipulating the default position scales lets you: # * change the axis labels p1 + scale_x_continuous ( "Engine displacement (L)" ) + scale_y_continuous ( "Highway MPG" ) 
# You can also use the short-cut labs(). # Use NULL to suppress axis labels p1 + labs (x = NULL, y = NULL ) 
# * modify the axis limits p1 + scale_x_continuous (limits = c ( 2, 6 ) ) #> Warning: Removed 27 rows containing missing values (geom_point). 
p1 + scale_x_continuous (limits = c ( 0, 10 ) ) 
# you can also use the short hand functions `xlim()` and `ylim()` p1 + xlim ( 2, 6 ) #> Warning: Removed 27 rows containing missing values (geom_point). 
# * choose where the ticks appear p1 + scale_x_continuous (breaks = c ( 2, 4, 6 ) ) 
# * choose your own labels p1 + scale_x_continuous ( breaks = c ( 2, 4, 6 ), label = c ( "two", "four", "six" ) ) 
# Typically you'll pass a function to the `labels` argument. # Some common formats are built into the scales package: df <- data.frame ( x = rnorm ( 10 ) * 100000, y = seq ( 0, 1, length.out = 10 ) ) p2 <- ggplot ( df, aes ( x, y ) ) + geom_point ( ) p2 + scale_y_continuous (labels = scales :: percent ) 
p2 + scale_y_continuous (labels = scales :: dollar ) 
p2 + scale_x_continuous (labels = scales :: comma ) 
# You can also override the default linear mapping by using a # transformation. There are three shortcuts: p1 + scale_y_log10 ( ) 
p1 + scale_y_sqrt ( ) 
p1 + scale_y_reverse ( ) 
# Or you can supply a transformation in the `trans` argument: p1 + scale_y_continuous (trans = scales :: reciprocal_trans ( ) ) 
# You can also create your own. See ?scales::trans_new Source: https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/scale_continuous.html
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